Synthesis and Characterization of Cr (III) Macrocyclic Schiff Base Complexes
Dharmendra Kumar Sahu1*, Shekhar Srivastava2
1Department of Chemistry, C.M.P. Degree College, Prayagraj 211002.
2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: dharmendrakumarsahu105@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Ninety
Cr(III) macrocyclic Schiff base complexes of the type
(Where X = Cl-
or NO-3 or CH3COO- and =
macrocyclic Schiff base ligands derived from condensation of trimesic acid or p-phthalic acid or
squaric acid with different aliphatic diamines) have been synthesised and
characterised by elemental analysis; molar conductance; electronic spectra; IR;
magnetic moment and XPS i.e. X-ray Photoelectron spectra data. An octahedral
geometry was established for them.
KEY WORDS: Chromium (III), macrocyclic Schiff base, magnetic moment, electronic spectra, XPS.
INTRODUCTION:
The field of macrocyclic; macroacyclic; macrobicyclic chemistry of metals and non-metals is developing very fast in last few decades due to their applications and significance in coordination chemistry and bioinorganic biochemistry1. Macrocyclic or macroacyclic metal complexes have been utilised as metal ion separation2; as cancer diagnosis3; in biological process; in photosynthesis and dioxygen transport4; as anticancerous5; as antitumor6; as n.m.r. Shift and relaxation agents7; as RNA cleavage catalyst8; as environmental importance9; as contrast-enhancing agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)10; Recently, biomedical applications of macrocyclic ligand complexes have been reviewed J. Costamagna et. al.11 on complexes of macrocycles with pendant arms as models for biological molecules. Very recently few comprehensive reviews on macrocyclic ligands and their metal compounds along with their applications have been also appeared. Bhasin et al.12 have investigated the synthesis and characterization and antimicrobial activities of Cr(III) macrocycles complexes of N2S2 potential donors in 14-20 membered ring.
A literature survey reveals that very few Cr(III) complexes with macrocyclic Schiff base ligands derived from trimesic acid or p-phthalic acid or squaric acid with different aliphatic diamines. We report here synthesis and characterization of Cr(III) complexes with macrocyclic ligands derived from condensation of trimesic acid i.e. 1, 3, 5-tricarboxylic acid or p-phthalic acid i.e. terephthalic acid or squaric acid i.e. 3, 4-dihydroxy-3-cyclobutene-1-2-dione with different aliphatic diamines i.e. NH2CH2CH2CH2NH2 or NH2CH2CH(CH3)CH2NH2 or NH2CH2NH(CH2)2NH2 or NH2CH2C(CH3)2CH2NH2 or NH2(CH2)6NH2 or NH2(CH2)7NH2 or NH2(CH2)8NH2 or NH2(CH2)9NH2 or NH2(CH2)10NH2 or NH2(CH2)12NH2.
EXPERIMENTAL:
The chemical trimesic acid (BDH); P-phthalic acid (BDH); squaric acid (BDH); CrCl3 (Aldrich); Cr(NO3)3 (Aldrich); Cr(CH3COO)3 (Aldrich); NH2CH2 CH2CH2NH2 (BDH); NH2CH2CH(CH3)CH2NH2(BDH); NH2CH2NH(CH2)NH2(BDH); NH2CH2C(CH3)2CH2NH2 (BDH); NH2(CH2)6NH2(BDH); NH2(CH2)7NH2(BDH); NH2(CH2)8NH2(BDH); NH2(CH2)9NH2(BDH); NH2(CH2)10NH2(BDH); NH2(CH2)12NH2(BDH) and methanol (BDH) were used after purification and dried as given in literature13. Solvents were distilled from appropriate drying agents prior to use.
Melting points were determined by using in sealed capillary tubes on Buchi SMP 20 capillary melting point apparatus. The C and H were determined by CDRI, Lucknow, INDIA. Nitrogen and Chlorine were determined by Kjeldahls and Volhards method respectively14. Chromium was estimated as chromiumoxide gravimetrically. Molar conductivity was measured on Elico-CM 82 conductivity bridge in acetone at room temperature15. IR spectra were recorded on Perkin-Elmer 1000 IR spectrometer using CsI pellets16. Electronic spectral measurements were recorded on Elico SL159 spectrophotometer in the range 300-1000 nm. Magnetic measurements were carried out on a calm 2000 electro balance by Faraday method using Hg[Co(SCN)4] as calibrant. Pascal constants were used for diamagnetic corrections.
Preparation of [CrL X2]X complexes:
In the trimesic acid or p-phthalic acid or squaric acid (2 mmol) in methanol added different aliphatic diamines (2 mmol) i.e. NH2CH2CH2NH2 or NH2CH2CH(CH3) CH2NH2 or NH2CH2NH(CH2) NH2 or NH2CH2C(CH3)2CH2NH2 or NH2(CH2)6NH2 or NH2(CH2)7NH2 or NH2(CH2)8NH2 or NH2(CH2)9NH2 or NH2(CH2)10NH2 or NH2(CH2)12NH2 and refluxed for 3 hrs. and then put CrX3 (where X = Cl-; or NO-3 or CH3COO-) (1 mmol) and again refluxed for 2 hrs. The resulting precipitate was filtered and recrystallised into benzene: pet. ether (9: 1) and air-dried (Figs 1-3).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
All
these synthesized complexes ; [CrL11-10X2]X, [CrL21-10X2]X,
and [CrL31-10X2]X (where X = Cl- or
NO-3 or CH3COO- and
=
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
;
=
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
and
=
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
or
macrocyclicSchiff
base ligands) are green or dull green colored solids. They are soluble in
common organic solvents and stable in air. The elemental analysis [90] for Cr, C,
H, N and Cl were observed within±0.5%. The molar conductance of all these complexes
[CrLn1-10X2]X were observed in the range 40-48
ohm1 cm2mol1 in acetone 103
solution at room temperature; showing that these complexes are 1:1 electrolyte.
Thus all complexes were formulated as [Cr LX2]X17.
Table 1: Cr2P1/2, 3/2 and N1s binding energies (eV) in
ligands and
complexes (where X = Cl-, NO-3
or CH3COO- and n = 1 or 2 or 3).
|
Sr. No. |
Ligand and complex |
Cr2p1/2, 3/2 |
N1s from Ligand |
In inner sphere X = Cl- or NO-3 or CH3COO- |
In outer sphere X=Cl- or NO-3or CH3COO- |
|||
|
|
|
Cr2p1/2 |
Cr2p3/2 |
|
Cl2p |
N1s |
Cl2p |
N1s |
|
1 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
2 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
3 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
4 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
5 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
6 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
7 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
8 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
9 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
10 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
11 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
12 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
13 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
14 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
15 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
16 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
17 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
18 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
19 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
20 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
21 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
22 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
23 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
24 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
25 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
26 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
27 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
28 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
29 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
30 |
|
- |
- |
400.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
31 |
|
285.8 |
576.4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
32 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
33 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
34 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
35 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
36 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
37 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
38 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
39 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
40 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
41 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
|
202.2 |
|
|
42 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
43 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
44 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
45 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
46 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
47 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
48 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
49 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
50 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
51 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
|
202.2 |
|
|
52 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
53 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
54 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
55 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
56 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
57 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
58 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
59 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
60 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
- |
202.2 |
- |
|
61 |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
402.8 |
202.4 |
|
202.2 |
|
|
62 |
|
286.0 |
576.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
63. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
64. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
65. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
66. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
67. |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
68. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
69. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
70. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
71. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
72. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
73. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
74. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
75. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
76. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
77. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
78. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
79. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
80. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
81. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
82. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
83. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
84. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
85. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
86. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
87. |
|
284.4 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
88. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
89. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
90. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
91. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
92. |
|
284.6 |
575.4 |
403.0 |
- |
406.8 |
- |
405.0 |
|
93. |
[Cr(CH3COO |
286.2 |
577.0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
94. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
95. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
96. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
97. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
98. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
99. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
100. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
101 |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
102 |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
103. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
104. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
105. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
106. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
107. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
108. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
109. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
110. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
111. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
112. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
113. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
114. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
115. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
116. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
117. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
118. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
119. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
120. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
121. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
122. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
123. |
|
284.8 |
575.6 |
403.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
124. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fig. 1: Preparation of |
Fig. 3: Preparation of |
Fig. 2: Preparation of |
|
|
|
|
Fig. 4: Cr2p1/2 binding energies (ev) in CrCl3, & [CrL11-10 Cl2]Cl comples |
Fig. 5: N1s binding energies (ev) in L11 & [CrL11 Cl2] Cl complexes |
The
presence of sharp bands observed in the region 475-425 cm1 confirms the
formation of uCr-Nbands [18]. In
electronic spectra chromium have shown two bands at 576-584 u1(E:28.38-38.49)
and 410-430 u2(E:43.00-43.82) nm,
respectively. These bands may be assigned to the transition 4T2g(F)¬4A2gand4T1g(P)¬4A2grespectively.
These transitions indicate the six-coordination of the central chromium ion.
All these [CrLn1-10X2]X complexes have shown
magnetic moment values of 3.80-4.00 BM at room temperature which correspond to
three unpaired electrons expected for high spin Cr(III) complexes.19
The binding energies (eV) of prepared ligands
;
CrX3 (where X = Cl-
or NO-3 or
CH3COO-) and [Cr
X2]X
complexes for Cr2p1/2, 3/2and N1s photoelectron peaks are listed in
table I and shown in Fig 4-5).It was seen that the binding energies of Cr2p1/2,
3/2in starting material (Cr2p1/2= BE = ~285.8
286.2 and Cr2p3/2 = BE ~ 576.4 577.0 eV) CrCl3 or Cr(NO3)2
or Cr(CH3COO)2 were higher than in [Cr
X2]
X complexes (Cr2p1/2= BE = ~284.4 284.8 and Cr2p3/2
= BE ~ 575.4 575.6 eV) suggesting the electron density in chromium metal is
more in prepared molecular complexes [Cr
X2]X
than in CrX3 due to coordination [20, 21] (Fig 4). The N1s
photoelectron spectra of all these [Cr
X2]
X have shown only one single symmetrical photoelectron peak towards higher
binding energy side (~BE=402.8-403.8 eV) than N1s photoelectron peak of each
ligand (~BE=400.8 eV), suggesting all four nitrogen atoms of each ligand is
coordinated with chromium metal ion [22]. (Fig.-5) (Table 1). The Cr 3S1/2
photoelectron peak in all these [Cr
X2]
X complexes have shown asymmetric peak i.e. have shown multiple splitting
effect, suggesting all these complexes are paramagnetic.
CONCLUSION:
On
the basis of above physicochemical data of these [Cr
X2]X
complexes, i.e. elemental analysis, molar conductance, IR, electronic spectra, magnetic
moment and XPS data may suggest the structure of these as shown in Figs 1-3 and
an octahedral geometry may be established. Cr2p photoelectron spectra of all
[Cr
Cl2]Cl
complexes have shown two peaks one of outer sphere chlorine atom on ~BE=200.2
eV and one of inner sphere chlorine atom on ~ BE = 202.4 eV with intensity 1 :
2 ratio respectively [97-98]. Similarly N1s photoelectron spectra of all [Cr
NO3]
NO3 have shown two peaks one of outer spherenitrogen peak of nitrate
ion on ~ BE = 405.0 eV and other for inner sphere nitrogen peak of nitrate ion
on ~ BE = 406.8 eV in 1: 2 intensity ratio respectively (Table 1).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:
The author (D.K. Sahu) is very thankful to Head of Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P. India for providing necessary facility to successfully completed of this work.
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Received on 19.01.2021 Modified on 17.02.2021
Accepted on 11.03.2021 ©AJRC All right reserved
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. 2021; 14(4):269-274.
DOI: 10.52711/0974-4150.2021.00046